Oil burner for furnaces



March 18, 1924. 1,487,689

H. w. MANNING OIL BURNER FOR FURNACES Filed Vom. 17. 1922 Patented Mar.18, i324.

UNITE STATES HAR-RY W. MANNING, OE ORTLAND, OREGON.

OIL BURNER FOR FURNACES.

Application filed October 17, i922. Serial No. 595,134.

To @ZZ whom t may concern Be it known that l, HARRY lV. MANNING, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Port ane, county ofMultnomah, and State of lGreg/on, have invented a. certain new anduseful Improvement in Oil Burners for Furnaces, of which the followingis a specification.

rl-he object of my inventiombroadly speaking, is to provide a` means bywhich fuel oil of a low viscosity may be effectively used in a furnaceand at the same time municipal .tire ordinances can be obeyed, whichprovide that fuel burners can not be installed in which the fuel oil issupplied to the burner under pressure. Devices which require the oil tobe so supplied constitute a serious fire hazard, inasmuch as a smallleak in the pipe sprays the oil over a relatively large area which isthus made easily combustible.l

The specific feature of my invention is to provide a combustion chamberin which the fuel oil is partially atomized and partially vap rized,dependent on the heat of the walls of the combustion chamber. Thecombustion chamber breaks up the liquid fuel and renders it morecombustible and therefore allows it to be lighted more easily.

A further and more specic object is to shape the combustion chamber sothat the flame generated will tend to remain within its walls but aportion will be deflectedso that it will heat the mixing chamber of mydevice, and thus tend to vaporize the fluid passing therethru.

I have achieved these and other objects in a device consisting of abasin like body which constitutes a combustion chamber one wall side ofwhich extends straight across, he other being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal vaporizing and mixing chamber which entersthru the middle and at the bottom of said semi-circular wall side isarranged in a position so as to be normal to said straight wall side.This mixing chamber is divided by a partition extending longitudinallythru 'he same, a source of fuel being connected to the portion on oneside of the partition and a source of compressed air being tapped to theother side of the partition.

lt can thus be seen 'that the fuel oil is not subjected to pressure atany point except within the mining chamber itself in which the air inpassing the oil tends to atomize the same slightly due to the velocityof the air. When the oil is ignited the velocity of the air tends toincrease the heat of combustion.

These and other objects are shown in the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

Fig. l is a fragmentary elevation of a furnace with parts broken away toshow my oil burner in position and connected with a source of airpressure;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of my oil burner detached;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the oil burner taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. fl;

Fig. 4 is a similar section taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 isa perspective sectional view of my oil burner from which thebasin like body has been detached.

My oil burner is adapted to be installed in any standard type of furnaceas a.. It can be installed so as to rest on the ash pit b and its open.top extending into the lire box as shown. If the device is installed inthis manner the air pipe c and the fuel pipe d can be inserted thru theash door opening e in front of the furnace. Air is supplied from anytype of compressing means such as the centrifugal fan y. In practicaloperation it is found that the centrifugal fan is the preferable meansof operating the air inasmuch as the pressure can be controlled readilyby increasing or decreasing the speed of the fan and thus it isunnecessary to install an air supply tank.

My oil burning device g consists of abasin like combustion chamber L anda horizontal vaporizing and mixing chamber z'. The combustion chamber ismade substantially semi-circular in section and the mixing chamber z' ispreferably made square with a rounded portion j on one end which isadapted to be connected with the air supply pipe c. The mixing chamberis divided by a partition wall m. The fuel line d is tapped to theportion Z on the under side of the partit-ion wall m and the air istapped to the portion 7c on the upper side. The portion thru which theair passes is preferably reduced to the section so as to increase thevelocity of the air passing therethru. Thus as the air passes over theend m of the partition m it tends to atomize the fuel passing on theother side due to the velocity o-f the air passing. It can be readilyunderstood that the relation between the oil and the air can be variedto conform to the viscosity of the oil and the need of the particularinstallation.

In the accompanying drawings the air is arranged soas to pass over thesurface of the oil. It can be readily understood that the same effect orbetter could be obtained by having the oil admitted on top and the airunderneath so that the oil dripping over the end m of the partition wallm would have to pass thru this jet of air and thus be thoroly atomized.The same would follow, altho to a less degree, if the partition wallwere vertical and the air and oil were admitted side by side. Thestraight section of wall n is lined as at n so as to protect the metalfrom the tremendous heat of combustion of the fuel oil which is throwndirectly against the wall. The mixture of oil and air strikes this backwall squarely and thus any portions which are 4not burned are brokeninto smaller particles which renders them more combustible.

The lining n is made preferably of fire brick and is held by lips o ando which are cast integral with the combustion chamber and form a pocketin which these bricks can be inserted. This construction permits thelining to be easily replaced and readily cleaned. The lower lip o alsoforms a transverse rib which prevents the oil, which would seep from outthe mixing chamber when the device is not in operation, from saturatingthe lining and thus cause the device to smoke when the fire is firststarted. The combustion chamber being formed substantially semi-circularin section not only forms a chamber which has a large capacity inproportion to the weight of metal in the walls but also causes themixture which is directed thru the mixing chamber to swirl and eddy inthe combustion chamber. The eddies swirl back towards the mixing chamberalong the walls, and side openings p are provided thru which the flamescan pass out to the walls of the furnace which causes them to be heated,and the reflected heat tends to keep the mixing chamber hot enough tovaporize the mixture when the device is in operation. Holes g are alsoprovided adjacent the mixing chamber which have flanges r around theupper end outside of the same, which tends to deflect the flames fromthe combustion chamber against the mixing chamber and thus cause themixing chamber to be heated and thus further increase the vaporizingefficiency of the mixing chamber.

A. transverse rib s is provided which is placed in front of the lip m ofthe housing m and which forms an auxiliary reservoir in the mixing`chamber over which the air must pass. The passage of the air causes asmall portion of this oil to be siphoned off and atomized and thusdecreases the time necessary to ignite the oil in starting. This rib ispreferably made with a tapered face as s so as to permit the blast ofair to pass readily over the same and also so as to prevent carbon fromforming thereon which requires an intense heat to burn out.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a burner in which the basin like body is left offand thus permits the emitted flames to project forward from the mouth.This type is especially adapted to long flreboxes, such as are used inbaking ovens and the like in which it is necessary to project the flamesa considerable distance beyond the mouth of the burner. A spreader t isplaced in the air portion 7c if it is desired to spread the flameslaterally to a greater degree than normally. This is desirable forinstance, if the re doors are substantially smaller than the interior ofthe firebox and thus the Size of the burner is limited.

I claim:

l. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side be ing substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal tubular vaporizing and mixing Chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of, saidsemi-circular wall-side, being normal with said straight wall-side, saidtubular chamber being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into parallel oil and air ducts, the walls of said bodyhaving flame openings, the openings in the wall portions adjacent saidtubular chamber being provided with deflectors arranged to deflect partof the llames against said chamber thereby to heat the latter and gasifythe oil admitted thru the oil duct thereof.

2. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizon` tal tubular vaporizing and mixing chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of, saidsemi-circular wall-side, being normal with said straight wall-side, saidtubular chamber being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into parallel oil and air ducts, the walls of said bodyhaving flame ducts, the Walls of said body having flame openings, saidstraight wall of the body being lined with lire brick, the floor of saidbody being provided with a transverse rib located in front of saidlining for the purpose described.

d. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal tubular vaporizing and mixing chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of, saidsemi-circular wall-side, being normal with said straight wall-side, saidtubular chamber being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into parallel oil and air ducts, the walls of said bodyhaving flame openings, said straight wall of the body being lined withlire brick, the floor of said body being provided with transverse ribs,one thereof located in front of said lining and the other at the outletend of said tubular chamber for the purpose described.

5. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal tubular vaporizing and mixing chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of, saidsemi-circular wallside, being normal with said straight wallside, saidtubular chamber being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into parallel oil and air chiots, the walls of said bodyhaving flame openings, said straight wall of the body being lined withre brick, the floor of said body being provided with transverse ribs,one thereof located in front of said lining and the other at the outletend of said tubular chamber, the latter rib having its upper faceinclined upwardly towards said straight wall of the body for the purposedescribed.

6. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal tubular vaporizing and mixing chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of, saidsemi-circular wall-side, being normal with said straight wall-side, saidtubular chamber being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into parallel oil and air ducts.

i. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal tubular vaporizing and mixing chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of saidsemi-circular wall-side, being normal with said straight wall-side, saidtubular chamber being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into an oil duct at the bottom and an overlying air duct.

8. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal tubular vaporizing and mixing chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of, saidsemi-circular wallside, being normal with said straight wallside, saidtubular chamber being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into an oil duct at the bottom and an overlying air duct,the outlet end of said tubular chamber being reduced in cross sectionthereby to increase the velocity of the injected air.

9. An oil burner comprising, a basin-like body, one wall side of whichextends straight across and the other wall side being substantiallysemi-circular, a horizontal tubular vaporizing and mixing chamber, theoutlet end of which enters thru the middle, and at the bottom of, saidsemi-circular wall-side, being normal with said straight wall-side, saidtubular chamber' being divided by a partition extending part of thelength thereof into an oil duct at the bottom and an overlying air duct,the inlet end of said air duct having a projecting neck.

10. In combination with a furnace, an oil burner of the characterdescribed comprising a basin-like l body inserted in the lower part ofthe furnace, one wall side of said body extending straight across andthe other side being substantially semi-circular, a tubular vaporizingand mixing chamber the outlet end of which enters thru the middle, andat the bottom, of said semi-circular wall-side, being normal with saidstraight wall-side, said tubular chamber being divided by a longitudinalpartition, extending part of its length into parallel. oil and airducts, an oil feed connected to the oil duct, and an air blowerconnected to the air duct, the walls of said body having flame openingsto project the Haines against the walls of the furnace encompassing thebody, and thus to deect part of the flames against said chamber therebyto heat the latter and gasify the oil admitted thru the oil ductthereof.

l1. In combination with a furnace, an oil burner of the characterdescribed comprising a basin-like body inserted in the lower part of thefurnace, one wall side of said body extending straight across and theother side being substantially semi-circular, a tubular vaporizing andmixing chamber the outlet end of which enters thru the middle, and atthe bottom, of said semicircular wall-side, being normal with saidstraight wall-side, said tubular .chamber being divided by alongitudinal partition, extending part of its length into parallel oilllO and air ducts, an oil feed connected to the oil duct, and an airblower connected to the air duct, the walls of said body having flameopenings to project the flames against the walls of the furnaceencompassing the body, and thus to deflect part of the flames againstsaid chamber thereby to heat the latter and gasify the oil admitted thruthe oil duct thereof, said straight wall of the body being lined withfire brick to receive the blast of fiame.

l2. In combination with a furnace, an oil burner of the characterdescribed comprising a basin-like body inserted in the lower part of thefurnace, one wall side o-f said body extending straight across and theother side being substantially semi-circular, a tubular vaporizing andmixing chamber the outlet end of which enters thru the middle, and atthe bottom, of said semi-circular wall-side, being normal with saidstraight wall-side, said tubular chamber being divided by a longitudinalpartition, extending part of its length into parallel oil and air ducts,an oil feed connected to the oil duct, and an air blower connected tothe air duct, the walls of said body having fiame openings to projectthe flames against the walls of the furnace encompassing the body, theopenings in the wall portions adjacent said tubular chamber beingprovided with deflectors arranged and thus `to deflect part of theflames against said chamber thereby to heat the latter and gasify theoil admitted thru the oil duct thereof.

13. In combination with a furnace, an oil burner of the characterdescribed comprising a basin-like body inserted in the lower part of thefurnace, one wall side of said body extending straight across and theother side being substantially semi-circular, a tubular vaporizing andmixing chamber the outlet end of which enters thru the middle, and atthe bottom, of said semiecircular wall-side, being normal with saidstraight wall-side, said tubular chamber' being divided by alongitudinal partition, extending part of its length into parallel oiland air ducts, an oil feed connected to the oil duct, and an air blowerconnected to the air duct,

the walls of said body having flame openings to project the flamesagainst the walls of the furnace encompassing the body, the openings inthe wall portions adjacent said tubular chamber being provided withdeflectors arranged to deflect part of the flames against said chamberthereby to heat the latter and gasify the oil admitted thru the oil ductthereof, said straight wall of the body being lined with fire brick toreceive the blast of flame.

lll. In an oil burner, an elongated mixing chamber open at one end,provided with an exterior neck at its opposite admission end, apartition dividing the space in said chamber, longitudinally adjacentsaid neck, an oil feed pipe entering said chamber on one side of saidpartition, and an air tube entering said chamber on the other side ofsaid partition, said air tube being of greater cross section than theheight of the space above said partition and tapering toward the latter.

15. In an oil burner, an elongated mixing chamber open at one end,provided with an exterior neck at its opposite admission end, apartition dividing the space in said chamber, longitudinally adjacentsaid neck, an oil feed pipe entering said chamber on one side of saidpartition, an air tube entering said chamber on the other side of saidpartition, and a triangular spreader located on said partition inalinement with the outlet end of said air tube, thereby to spread theair blast laterally in said chamber, and thus produce a broad flame.

1G. In an oil burner, an elongated mixing chamber open at one end,provided with an exterior neck at its opposite admission end, apartition dividingthe space in said chamber, longitudinally adjacentsaid neck, an oil feed pipe entering said chamber on one side of saidpartition, an air tube entering said chamber on the other side of saidpartition, and a spreader located on said partition in alinement withthe outlet end of said air tube, thereby to spread the air blastlaterally in said chamber, and thus produce a broad fiame.

HARRY WV. MANNING.

